For september 28

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NANO-ck

Mise-à-jour le 25 March 2024, 4 minutes de lecture

USA and Homefront Reading

How did each group listed contribute to the Allied victory ?

One third of the workforce were women

  • Buying war bonds
  • “Gardens for victory” initiative
  • Rationing food
Group Contribution
Workers One third of the workforce were women. They could buy war bonds. “Gardens for victory”. They produced and used factories efficiently to produce vast quantities of raw materials.
Manufacturers Conversion of factories to contribute to the war effort : car factories now built tanks, silk factories parachute, etc
Unions They did not encourage strikes to make sure that the industrial output was maximal : every second counted if they wanted to suit the war’s needs.
Women Started to get into factories, get into the workforce. Using the occasion to earn rights. Most of them had “semi-skilled” jobs : Making tools, shells, … Some women “wore the uniform”, and joined the army. Any job that replaced a man was worth being taken by a woman.
African Americans Joined the army, regardless of the segregation. Using the occasion to earn rights. 1 Million went to factories. There was segregation in the army, despite the executive order. The red cross refused to take their blood.

1. What two reasons did Roosevelt give for civilian involvement?

Keep the US economy structured and secured during the war and after Keep a strong supply for the men fighting in the war

  • Not everyone in the war could have the privilege to fight the ennemy
  • The US become the World’s strongest economic power
  • Americans were terrified of going back into the great depression
  • No excuse to not participate, everyone could do something
  • You are fighting for your home

2. Was Rosie the Riveter to be only a war emblem who would be back pushing a vacuum cleaner when the war ended?

At that time, it was still a blurry question. The war was a specific time period at which everyone would provide efforts to keep the country going. Some women believed that the war would be the perfect opportunity to continue those changes after. Women had the hope for a change in their role in society, but no certitude.

  • Symbolised women’s contributions during WWII

3. What factors would determine the future for women?

If their husband came back from the war or not If society was willing to accept such social changes in women’s role

4. Did the war change the lives of Black Americans?

The war did change the lives of Black Americans, and more over, of their view in society. While segregation continued in most domains, job opportunities were opening to black Americans little by little. Black Americans organized protests and a march in front of the White House in July 1941. This march caused the worry of the government as 100,000 protesters were scheduled to attend the event. The leader, Phillip Randolph, met with Roosevelt one week before the march, and asserted that the march would not be called off if the President didn’t act in favor of Black Americans and their demands. This march led to Roosevelt’s issue of Executive Order 8802, that made defense jobs available to everyone no matter their race or their ethnicity.

5. What impact did the war have on American society?

We can still notice WWII’s impact on the American society today. First of all, the war transformed the American economy, making it stronger. Second, the war allowed the country to recover from the Great Depression. It allowed the US to transform their economy in an international economy, selling goods to many different countries. The war also changed the government aspects, allowing an increase in civil rights, for both women and Black Americans.

  • Moral impact
    • Camps for Japanese people
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